LightHawk Flights Aid
Cormorant Research
As an aviation organization, we feel a natural kinship with our avian friends. So we were
heartened by this story of cormorants surviving and flourishing on the edge of the most populous city in the US.
Long Island LightHawk Volunteer Pilot Joe Fischetti was pilot and guide for a series of
flights this summer with the Executive Director of the NY Bioscape Initiative (NYBI). Dr. Susan Elbin and her graduate students made three
sunset flights from New York City’s congested lower harbor to the open lands and bays of Long Island’s East End. The flights confirmed major
cormorant roosting sites, and, thanks to Fischetti’s local knowledge, discovered a previously unknown site.
LightHawk flights also allowed real-time bird counts – something that could not be
accomplished by boat or car. Roost locations, and the density of birds and their effects on local ecology were observed and photographed for
further analysis and multi-year comparisons.
Double-crested Cormorants are a conservation success story. Almost wiped out in the 1960s
by contaminants and poor water quality, “Cormorants are now over-abundant in parts of their range,” notes Dr. Elbin. However, increased
numbers have led to charges that cormorants deplete fishery stocks, degrade trees and plants at heavily used sites, and compete with other
waterbird species.
Instead of finding ways to co-exist, people often respond to such perceived competition by
seeking to thin or even eradicate cormorants. Scientists like Elbin use basic research to foster wildlife and ecological health. Much is
still unknown: Is the cormorant population increasing in NY Harbor? Do these birds mix with birds in the wider metropolitan area? What is
their primary diet? Where are their roosting and migration staging areas?
A separate study has already shown that cormorants may not
cause any more ecological damage than other species that nest and roost in groups. Information from aerial photographs will help define
future research priorities on the ground. In the coming year, LightHawk flights will help gather knowledge that benefits this ecosystem –
including the cormorants.

As
many as 2000 loafing cormorants dot the shore of Swinburne Island, site of a decaying, former quarantine hospital in NY
Harbor. Elbin/Wildlife Trust/LightHawk
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Striking waterbirds with long necks often seen drying
their water absorbent feathers, Double-crested Cormorants are excellent swimmers and voracious fish eaters. Peter Wallack
NYBI
was launched in 2002 by the Wildlife Trust. Scientists and citizens are working together to conserve biodiversity and to ensure the region’s
long-term ecological and human health. NYBI programs span a 100-mile radius from mid-town Manhattan and include approximately 24 million
people and 5,000 species.
| Devil Bird or Survivor? "I’ve heard them called 'devil birds',"
noted Dr. Elbin in a recent New York Times article. Early
European settlers called them “crow ducks,” and many Long Islanders consider them elegant, feisty birds best given a wide berth. Double-crested cormorants are large, greenish-black waterbirds with long, snake-like necks. They are named for two feathered tufts evident on
breeding adults. They can dive 20 feet or more for at least 30 seconds, and are often seen standing erect with wings spread to dry their
feathers. Adult cormorants can eat up to a pound of fish a day, and their sharp beaks and webbed feet with claws make them voracious
predators.
Residing in dense, remote colonies the accumulation of their pungent white guano can
strip stands of trees of leaves and coat rocky islands and shipping channel markers. Cormorants may also displace other waterbirds. Like
all native species of birds in the US, cormorants are protected by federal law. Permits are requested each year by humans fed-up with
perceived cormorant damage. The scientific jury is still out on whether large cormorant populations chronically affect fish populations,
other colonial waterbirds, and ecological health.
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